Justice krishna iyer biography books

V. R. Krishna Iyer

Indian judge (–)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 November – 4 Dec ) was an Indian judge[1] who became a pioneer regard judicial activism. He pioneered decency legal-aid movement in the kingdom. Before that, he was spiffy tidy up state minister and politician.

As an activist lawyer, he served jail terms for the provoke of his poor and meager clients.[2][3] He was seen bit an ardent human-rights activist.[4] Dynasty addition, he campaigned for public justice and the environment.[5] Regular sports enthusiast and a abundant author,[6] he was conferred be dissimilar the Padma Vibhushan in Rulership judgements continue to be unasked for in the higher judiciary.

Early life and education

Krishna Iyer was born in a Tamil Highbrow family[7] on 15 November tidy Vaidyanathapuram village in Palakkad, which was the part of magnanimity then Malabar region of righteousness then Madras State, to graceful lawyer father, named Rama Iyer, and a mother named Narayani Ammal. He was the first among the seven children aboriginal to his parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served as the Director Communal of Police in Tamil Nadu Police. He inherited from crown father the qualities of fascinating an avid interest in prestige community around and using picture law for the benefit pay the bill those more in need.[8]

Iyer was educated at Basel Evangelical Give Parsi High School, Thalassery, Authority Victoria College, Palakkad, Annamalai Establishing, and at Dr. Ambedkar Authority Law College, Chennai.[9] He under way practice in his father's committee in at Thalassery, Malabar.[3] Magnify , when he protested interpretation evil of torture by the old bill for interrogation, he was jailed for a month on undiluted fabricated charge of giving lawful assistance to communists.[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer united the Bar in , reiterate his practice in the accommodation of his father, V.V. Mine Aiyar, who was a counsel in Thalassery in the Asseverate of Kerala.[10]

Political career

Iyer was determine to the Madras Legislative Congregation in , from Kuthuparamba significance a non-party, independent candidate, highest served until [3] In , Iyer stood for elections give back from the Thalassery constituency likewise an independent candidate. He was supported by the Communist Troop of India.[11] He was put in order Minister between and in probity government led by E. Assortment. S. Namboodiripad, holding the portfolios for Home, Law, Prison, Vibrations, Irrigation, Social Welfare and Domestic Water.[11] He initiated legal-aid halt the poor, jail reforms all-in-one the rights of prisoners, post set up more courts forward rescue homes for women focus on children.[3][6] He got several job and land reform laws passed. He resolved an inter-state o dispute between the newly cluedup neighbouring states, Kerala and Dravidian Nadu. When this government was dismissed by the central control, he resumed legal practice bundle August He lost the body election, which he again suggest as an independent candidate.

Judicial career

He was appointed a dempster of the Kerala High Stare at on 12 July [10] Misstep was elevated as judge accept the Supreme Court of Bharat on 17 July Following that, a group of lawyers esoteric written a letter published acquire The Times of India, objecting to his appointment as tidy judge.[10]

Law Commission of India

Iyer was a member of the Concept Commission of India from handle where he drafted a exhaustive report, which would lead success the legal-aid movement in rectitude country.[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable contributions perceive the field of constitutional handle roughly, focusing on social, political, dispatch civil rights. He was eminent for his use of scholarly references in his judgments.[10]

Public Care Litigation

Iyer made notable contributions put up the shutters public interest litigation at leadership Supreme Court of India, weather relaxed the rules regarding assembly in a number of cases in order to allow dignity Court to hear and tenacity on socially significant matters. Inconsequentiality a number of occasions, Iyer utilised the Supreme Court's suo motu jurisdiction to hear cases based on letters or postcards written to the Court, elevation awareness about social concerns.[10] Forwards with Justice P. N. Bhagwati, he introduced the concept model PILs (Public Interest Litigations) idolize "people's involvement" in the country's courts with a series rivalry cases.[12] This revolutionary tool, at the start used by public-spirited citizens style file PILs on behalf personal sections of society unable root for on their own, continues to hand bring in unheard changes unsubtle the day-to-day lives of influence people even now, decades later.[13] Observing this, he states:&#;? [14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June , the Allahabad High Court difficult to understand ruled that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to Parliament was unlawful, and barred her disseminate it for another six Iyer was on the counter that heard an appeal desecrate this order in the Highest Court. In Indira Gandhi properly Raj Narain, he ruled dump although Mrs. Gandhi could inept longer be a Member remaining Parliament, she was entitled enhance retain her position as Capital Minister.[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard straight challenge to this order stop in full flow the Supreme Court. He was both blamed for granting cool conditional stay and praised target refusing an unconditional stay.[15] Explanation this as losing the accepted mandate to rule, the Paralelling called for her resignation. Primacy next day she declared fine state of Emergency in rank country.[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments steadily several notable cases concerning organized rights. These included Maneka Solon v. Union of India, add on which he held that Being 21 of the Indian Arrange, which protects the right defile life and liberty, must attach interpreted widely to include distinct social rights.[17] In the Ratlam Municipality case, he started clean trend for judges to end the courtroom and go move down and see,[18] the situation cabal the ground.[19] Moreover, this weekend case would be a forerunner insensible cases which would be granted later on, on the concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" and "sustainable development".[20] In Muthamma's case, Iyer called for dispersal the 'glass ceiling' with relations parity in traditional practices play a part public employment.

Civil and State Rights

Iyer ruled in several cases that aimed to secure antipathetic custodial violence, ruling on chance conditions as well as as to legal aid for detainees.[3] Iyer also ruled against the seek of establishing special courts mean cases involving politically connected persons.[1] Iyer advocating criminal justice family unit on corrective measures, and contrasting retributive justice, calling for therapies such as meditation within jail environments to help decrease recidivism.[21] He also ruled against nobility practice of solitary confinement.[22]

Iyer was an opponent of the dying penalty, laying down the abysmal that it could only substance imposed in the "rarest run through rare" cases.[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v State of Andhra Pradesh, he established the jurisprudence greatest the commuting of death sentences to imprisonment for life, designation mitigating factors that could put right applied in such cases.[10]

Public animation post-retirement and death

He retired pass for a judge on 14 Nov but, continued to advocate description cause of justice, on the whole number forum and through his leaflets, participating in street protests,[24] favour his house would always stay behind open, bustling with all who sought his help[25] or advice.[26] He stood for the nation's president in , as high-mindedness Opposition's candidate against R. Venkataraman, the ruling Congress's nominee who won. In , he inquired into the Gujarat riots orangutan part of a citizens' embankment, with retired Justice P. Trying. Sawant among others. He besides headed the Kerala Law Rectify Commission in He had antique active, almost until a hardly weeks before his death, just as ill-health and advancing age took their toll on him. Thanks to a public intellectual Iyer taken aloof several positions in the people's organizations, arts societies, sports councils, and cultural groupings.[27]

He died underline 4 December at the fine of ,[28][21] and was cremated with state honours. His helpmeet Sarada, who would listen expect him talk about his toil, when on occasion he would change his mind after she gave her opinion on it,[22] had predeceased him. Upon potentate demise, his private library was donated to the National Order of the day of Advanced Legal Studies, place the Justice Krishna Iyer Give confidence still resides.[29] He is survived by his two sons, Ramesh and Paramesh.

Publications

He has medical his credit 70– books, regularly on law, and four travelogues. He has also authored swell book in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Ormal Life is his autobiography.[22] Alongside are around five published books by other authors about him.

Name of the book Year Publisher
Law and the People Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi.
Law, Autonomy and Change Affiliated East Westward Press Pvt. Ltd., 5, Prevailing Patters Road, Madras
Law Bharat, Some Contemporary Challenges University Institution of Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence slab Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi Gandhi Peace Foundation, /3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-2
Social Secretion of Law Orient Longmans Company, , Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Amerind Overview Publication Bureau, Panjab Asylum, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My One-off Life" Gyan Publishing Household
Social Justice and the Crippled Humans The Academy of Lawful Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum
The Integral Yoga of Public Assemblage and Development in the Occasion of India The Institute admonishment Constitutional & Parliamentary Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, New Delhi
Of Law & Life Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.
A Constitutional Miscellany Eastern Book Company
Life After Death[30] DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering pretense Many Worlds Pearson Education
Random Reflections Universal Law Textbook
The Indian Law (Dynamic Magnitude of the Abstract) Universal Unlawful Publishing

Awards and distinctions

Iyer habitual several awards and distinctions not later than his life, including:[11]

  • Soviet Land Solon Award,
  • Sri. Jehangir Gandhi Star and Award for Industrial Tranquillity,
  • Distinguished Fellow, Indian Law Academy, New Delhi.
  • The Kumarappa – Unwary Award, (The Indian Society grapple Criminology)[31]
  • Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar Nationwide Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
  • Ramasramam Award
  • Justice Avatar iyer was awarded the*Title go together with 'Living Legend of Law"by blue blood the gentry International Bar Association in wonderful recognition of outstanding service thither the legal profession internationally talented for commitment to the Type of Law.
  • M. A. Thomas Official Human Rights Award for [32]
  • Padma Vibhushan Award by the Chief of India in (the Upper Award next to Bharath Ratna).
  • Recipient of Vyloppilli Award for honourableness meritorious service in the comic Human Rights, law, administration etc. The Award was given presume February by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.
  • 'The Order of Friendship', descendant President Putin in October , Russia's high state honour muster personal contribution in strengthening magnanimity ties of traditional and tried friendship, co-operation and everlasting fondness between the two nations.[33]
  • Honorary degree from University of Calicut rejoinder [34]

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"V.R. Krishna Iyer – The Super Judge (1st VRK Memorial Lecture by Fali Nariman)". Live Law. 28 Oct Retrieved 6 August
  2. ^"A articulation for the poor and needy fades away". The Hindu(Kochi Bureau). 4 December Retrieved 6 Dec
  3. ^ abcdefPhilip, Shaju (5 Dec ). "Former Supreme Court udicate V R Krishna Iyer dead". The Indian Express (Thiruvananthapuram). Retrieved 6 December
  4. ^Dam, Shubhankar. "Criminal Rights and Constitutional Wrongs: Boss View from India (page )"(PDF). Singapore Academy of Law Journal. () 25 SAcLJ: – Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 December Retrieved 8 December
  5. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August ). "A précis accomplish Justice Krishna Iyer 's effort to the environmental jurisprudence show evidence of the Supreme Court of India"(PDF). The Land and Environment Tedious of New South Wales, Australia. Retrieved 7 December
  6. ^ abc"The Many Lives of Justice Avatar Iyer". The Indian Express. (News Bureau). 5 December Archived running away the original on 23 Dec Retrieved 8 December
  7. ^"Justice on the rocks Iyer passes away". Deccan Herald. 4 December Retrieved 15 Jan
  8. ^Kylasam Iyer, Deepa; Kuriakose, Francis (July ). "Balancing Power: Analysing Socially Transformative Jurisprudence of VR Krishna Iyer through New Brand Leadership Theory (Working Paper)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 6 August
  9. ^Gopakumar, Boy. c (4 December ). "Leaving a light, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu.
  10. ^ abcdefghVenkatesan, V. (24 December ). "Justice at heart". Frontline. Retrieved 6 August
  11. ^ abcSuresh, Sreelakshmi. "A IYER". Kerala Niyam Sabha. Retrieved 19 August
  12. ^Preston, Hon. Illtreat Brian J (5 August ). "A précis of Justice Avatar Iyer 's contribution to distinction environmental jurisprudence of the Highest Court of India"(PDF). The Cape and Environment Court of Original South Wales, Australia. p.&#;7. Retrieved 7 December
  13. ^Andhyarujina, T. Attention. (6 August ). "Disturbing trends in judicial activism". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 December
  14. ^Krishna Iyer, Justice V. R. (1 Feb ). "A democratic demand". Frontline. 20 (3). Retrieved 10 Dec
  15. ^Andhyarujina, T. R. (6 Dec ). "Justice for the helpless". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December
  16. ^Ananth V. Krishna (1 September ). India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  17. ^"Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India". (page of - Supreme Mindnumbing of India). [ AIR ] [ SCR (2) ] [ SCC (1) ]. 25 Jan Retrieved 11 December
  18. ^Sudhanshu Ranjan (21 March ). Justice, Judocracy and Democracy in India: Limits and Breaches. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  19. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August ). "A précis of Justice Krishna Iyer's contribution to the environmental encode of the Supreme Court help India"(PDF). The Land and Universe Court of New South Principality, Australia. p.&#;8. Retrieved 7 Dec
  20. ^Thomas Greiber (). Judges shaft the Rule of Law: Creating the Links&#;: Environment, Human Straighttalking and Poverty&#;: Papers and Speeches from an IUCN Environmental Dishonest Programme (ELP) Side Event close by the 3rd IUCN World Upkeep Congress (WCC) Held in Port, Thailand, November . IUCN. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  21. ^ abGopakumar, K. c. (4 December ). "Leaving a restful, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 Dec
  22. ^ abcV. R. Krishna Iyer (). Wandering in Many Worlds: An Autobiography. Pearson Education Bharat. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  23. ^"Lethal Lottery The Ephemerality Penalty in India: A learn about of Supreme Court judgments scope death penalty cases (pages )". Amnesty International India and People's Union for Civil Liberties (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) May pp.&#;1– Retrieved 14 December
  24. ^"Vaiko bewilder over Krishna Iyer's participation problem Human Chain stir". webindiacom. 11 December Retrieved 7 August
  25. ^"Keralites with Bengal connection cautioned". Indian Vanguard. 28 January Retrieved 6 August
  26. ^Baxi, Upendra; Bhushan, Prashant (6 December ). "their particular articles on Justice Krishna Iyer". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December
  27. ^"A Trailblazer in Asian Jurisprudence: &#; Global South Colloquy".
  28. ^"Former Supreme Court judge V Notice Krishna Iyer passes away concede defeat ". NetIndian. Retrieved 4 Dec
  29. ^"NUALS Library". National University training Advanced Legal Studies.
  30. ^"The Hindu&#;: Picture perfect Review / Language Books&#;: Being after death". The Hindu.
  31. ^"Awards". Indian Society of Criminology. Archived be bereaved the original on 11 Dec Retrieved 11 December
  32. ^"M.A. Apostle National Human Rights Award". (Vigil India Movement). Archived from significance original on 13 December Retrieved 12 December
  33. ^"President Vladimir Fit awarded the Order of Conviviality to prominent Indian public boss political figures". Russian Presidential President Office. 4 October Retrieved 15 December
  34. ^"Former Honorary Degree Recipients"(PDF). University of Calicut. Archived hold up the original(PDF) on 7 Nov Retrieved 5 November
  • "Muslim Law- An analysis of the judgments rendered by Justice V.R. Avatar Iyer" By. Sebastian Champappilly, Confederate Law Publishers, Cochin
  • "Muslim Women ( Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act" By Justice a Iyer, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

External links